Prostate cancer imaging and diagnosis: A pictorial review with common and uncommon findings

Abstract

The implementation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is considered the standard of reference for the diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of prostate cancer. There has been an increase in the number of studies performed, and it is becoming more common for normal and incidental findings to be detected. Also, an inadequate description of cancerous findings may not prompt appropriate patient management, whereas over-reporting of normal findings comes with risks for the patient. This review article aims to improve awareness, and present key imaging features seen on prostate MRI, ranging from common to rare and from benign to cancer, also presenting the latest biopsy strategies for prostate cancer diagnosis.